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The valve for filling the adsorber A is opened. Compressed air is supplied to the adsorber A, as a result of which the pressure increases to the operating pressure.
Upon reaching the operating pressure in the adsorber A, the nitrogen delivery valve to the consumer and the discharge valve from the adsorber B are opened. A part of the nitrogen is sent to the adsorber B for its regeneration.
After the adsorbent saturation with impurities in adsorber A, all valves are closed. At this moment, adsorber A is under operating pressure, and adsorber B is under a slight excess pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure.
Then the valves in the upper and lower equalization lines are opened, as a result of which the pressure in both adsorbers becomes the same. Further, the valves in the equalization lines are closed and the filling valve of the adsorber B is opened.
The valve for filling the adsorber B is opened. Compressed air is supplied to the adsorber B, as a result of which the pressure in it increases to the operating one.
When the operating pressure in adsorber B is reached, the nitrogen delivery valve to the consumer and the relief valve from adsorber A are opened. Part of the nitrogen is sent to adsorber A for its regeneration.
After the adsorbent saturation with impurities in adsorber B, all valves are closed. At this moment, adsorber B is under operating pressure, and adsorber A is under a slight excess pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure.
Then the valves in the upper and lower equalization lines are opened, as a result of which the pressure in both adsorbers becomes the same. Further, the valves in the equalization lines are closed and the valve for filling the adsorber A is opened.
This is a full cycle of the plant. In the future, this cycle is repeated many times.
The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology is widely used to obtain various industrial gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and others. In addition, it can be used for dehumidified compressed air.
The PSA unit operation principle is based on the selective adsorption of some components of gas mixtures. In this case, the adsorption rate plays a significant role in the operation of such installations. Since the cycle time is short, the adsorbed impurities saturate only the surface layers of the adsorbent granules, without any time for penetrating into the deep layers. In this case, it is quite easy to conduct the subsequent desorption of the accumulated impurities by reducing the pressure in the adsorber and short-term blowdown with the product gas flow.
Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are porous synthetic substances designed to separate gas mixtures into components. The most widespread use of CMS in the PSA is the installation as adsorbents for obtaining nitrogen from atmospheric air.
The release of nitrogen from the air at CMS is possible due to the different adsorption speed. Oxygen molecules penetrate into the inner pores of the adsorbent faster and are retained in them. There is a gradual saturation of the adsorbent with oxygen molecules along the length of the adsorption layer. At the same time, nitrogen is worse absorbed by the adsorbent granules due to the lower adsorption speed through the CMS, and penetrates through the adsorption layer. Correctly selected type of CMS and optimal parameters of the unit operation cycle make it possible to obtain nitrogen with a concentration of up to 99.9999% directly in the PSA unit without additional purification.
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